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发表于 2010-6-16 10:21
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Someonehasacutandwasexposedtosomeoneelse'scut.Thisdoesnotposeariskformanyreasons.First,theskinservesasanEXCELLENTbarriertothevirus.Theskiniscomprisedofseverallayers,andinjuries,likepapercuts,etc...beginhealingIMMEDIATELYfromtheinsideout.Therefore,evenifthereISasuperficialabrasion/laceration,itwillnotallowthevirustopenetratedeepenoughtoreachthebloodstream,whichiswhathastohappenforinfection.InaVERYseverescenario,theremaybearisk....forexample,twopeoplebeinginacaraccidentwithlargemajorhemorrhaginginjurieswherethereisHUGEexposuretotheotherperson'sbloodthroughaverysignificant(deep)injury.However,again...beingexposedtosomeoneelse'sbloodinsmallamounts,evenwithasmallcut,willNOTplaceyouatrisk.
有些人有个小伤口暴露于别人的小伤口。无论如何这都没什么危险。首先,皮肤是一个阻止病毒的非常好的屏障。皮肤有好几层组成,而一些伤口,比如小伤口等,可以很快地从伤口内部开始愈合。所以,即使是表皮的破损/破口,病毒也不能穿透足够的深度到达血液循环系统,这是构成感染的必要条件。在一些非常极真个情况下,可能会有风险,比如,交通事故中的两个人,身上有比较大流血的伤口,也就是通过很深的伤口暴露于别人血液的之中。然而,再反复一次,暴露于别人很少的血液,即使有个小伤口,也不会有风险。
TheGreatORALDebate.Thisisprobablyourmostcommonquestion.Unprotectedoral[被屏蔽]IsitariskTheshortanswer:NO.Thelonganswer....
关于口交的大讨论。这可能是我们最常见的题目。无保护的口交。有风险吗?简单回答:没有。拆开来说…
Thereisoftenadifferenceintheanswersgivenbythedocsintheexpertforumvsus.PeoplehavetounderstandthatmedicalprofessionalsandtheCDChavearesponsibilitytobeULTRAconservativewhendiscussingrisks.Therefore,thereisaMINUTE"theoretical"riskassignedtooral[被屏蔽]IforalsexwasTRULYa"real"risk,therewouldbenewcasesallthetimeofHIVbeingtransmittedinthismanner.ThereabsolutelyisNOT.Anda"theoretical"riskisVERYdifferentfromanactualrisk.ThedocshaveBOTHsaidtimeandtimeagainintheexpertforumthatneitherofthem,intheircombinedDECADESofbeingspecialistsdealingwithHIVhaveEVERseenacaseofHIVasaresultoforalsex,norhavetheyREADanyconvincingcases.Thereisaphysiologicalreasonforthat.First,thevirusisn'tpresentinthesaliva,makinginfectionimpossibleforthereceptivepartner(thepersonreceivingoralsex).Secondly,forthepersonGIVINGoralsex,THEIRsalivacontainsenzymesthatinhibitthevirus,shouldtheybeexposedtoinfectedgenitalsecretions.Secondly,again,thevirushasbeenexposedtotheairandelements,renderingitinactiveinanoralsituation.Thisdebatewillcontinue,butagain,foranyoneworryingaboutanoral"exposure"...thinkofthefacts.Ifitwastrulyarisk,therewouldbenewlyreportedcasesALLthetime.
通常我们的回答和专家论坛的答案有所不同。大家要明白一点,医学专家和CDC在讨论行为风险的时候有必要保持过度的守旧。所以,口交是有一个极小的所谓的“理论”风险。假如口交真有“事实”的风险的话,那么应该总能发现一些通过这种行为感染的新病例。但是绝对没有。同时“理论”的风险和实际的风险有很大的不同。专家版块的两位专家(译注:Dr.HHH和Dr.Hook)经常说,在他们两个作为HIV专家几十年从来没见过一例通过口交感染的例子,和没有看到过任何可信的报道。这里有一个生理学的原因。首先,口水中是没有病毒的(译注:不足以感染的病毒含量)所以口交的接受方是不可能感染的。其次,对以口交的主动方,他们的口水中有多种酶可以抑制病毒,假如他们暴露于感染性的生殖器分泌液。再次,在口交的过程中,病毒已经暴露于外部环境中,已经失活。这个争论还会继续,但是再说一次,假如谁担心口交的风险,那么请想想这些事实。假如真是个有风险的行为,那应该总有新的案例报道。
HIVisclassifiedasanSTD,whichmeans,basically,onehastohaveSEXtobeatrisk.ThisleadsmetotheprimaryREALrisksofbecominginfected.TheyareUNPROTECTEDVAGINALORANALSEX,sharingIVdrugworks,andfrommothertoinfant.Sexually,therearecertainlyhigherrisks.Homosexualmenhavingsexwithothermenstillremainsahigherrisk,witha"bottom"analsexpartnerhavingunprotectedsexbeingaboutthehighestriskfactor.HOWEVER...despitethisinformation....HIVisstillontheriseamongheterosexualpartners.Whileitislessofarisk,itisstillarisk!And,despitethe"odds"outthere,itISpossibletogetHIVfromonlyONEepisodeofunprotectedhetero[被屏蔽]WhowantstotakethosekindsofchancesTherefore,remembertoprotectyourselfatallcosts.ONEmomentofpleasureforalifetimeofdealingwithachronicillnessSeemslikeoneheckofanexchange!
HIV被列为性传播疾病,也就是,简单说,要有性行为才构成风险。导致感染的有“实际”风险的高危行为是:无保护的阴道性jiao或GJ,共用静脉注射吸毒的针具,母婴传播。双性恋者确实有更高的风险。同性恋男性再和其他男人性jiao也有更高的风险,无保护的GJ的被插入方有着最高的风险。然而,尽管如此,HIV在异性恋人群中的比例仍然在增长。尽管风险低,但仍然有风险!而且,尽管几率很低,但是一次无保护的异性性行为是有可能导致感染的。谁情愿冒这样的风险呢?所以,记住无论如何一定要保护好自己。一时的愉快换来一辈子的慢性病?看起来不是件划得来的交易!
Protection.HIVisa100%preventabledisease.Condomswork.Therefore,condomsusedconsistentlyandcorrectlywillalmostguaranteeafuturefreeofHIV.Whetherapersonchoosestousecondomsfororalsexisapersonaldecision.ItcertainlyisadviseabletoprotectagainstotherSTD's,whicharefarmoreprevalent,andeasiertotransmitviaoral[被屏蔽]Whenengaginginasexualrelationship,followafewrules.First,haveopenconversationswithaprospectivepartnerabouttheirhistory,andflatoutasktheirhistory,whethertheyhavebeentested,etc.ANYonewhoisevasiveabouttheiranswer,orrefusestoanswer....walkaway.UNLESSyouhavebeenmutuallytestedwithamonogamouspartner...unprotectedintercourseshouldNEVERbeanoption.Men,choosecondomsthataretherightfit,anduseonlyONEcondomatatime.Somepeoplethinkthat2condomsatatimeoffersdoubleprotection.Tothecontrary,theyincreasetheriskofcondomfailure.UseplentyofWATERbasedlubrication,likeKYjelly,andifyouquestionthequalityofacondom,useanotherone.Makesurethecondomsarenotexpired,asthatalsoincreasestheriskofcondombreakage.Whencondomsbreak,theydosoCATASTROPHICALLY.Thereisnodoubt.Therefore,ifyouuseacondom,anditisWHOLEaftertheact,thecondomworked.Alwaysremembertoholdontothecondomonwithdrawl,thiswillpreventslippage,whichoverallisn'tariskforHIV,butmayexposeyoutootherSTD's.ThefactthatHIVviruscanpenetrateanintactcondomisalsoanurbanmyth.TheONLYexceptiontothisislambskincondoms...theyarenotefficientagainstHIV.UselatexorpolyurethanecondomsonlytoprotectagainstHIV.
保护措施。HIV是可以100%预防的疾病。安全套是有用的。所以,坚持正确使用安全套几乎可以担保一辈子都与HIV无缘。口交过程中是否使用安全套由个人决定。安全套也是推举用来预防其他性病的措施,这些性病要风行的多得多,而且很轻易通过口交感染。当发生性行为时,遵守一个规则,首先,和对方开诚布公地谈一下彼此的交往史,尽量问清楚他们的过去,是否检测过等。谁要是躲避这个题目,或者拒绝回答,那么请你走开。除非双方都检测过的一夫一妻的性行为,否则无保护的行为绝不可取。男性,选择一款合适大小的安全套,一次只使用一只安全套。有些人以为两只安全套提供双重的保护。恰恰相反,两只安全套增加了安全套失效的风险。使用水性的润滑剂,比如KY果冻;假如怀疑安全套的质量就换一只。确定安全套没有过期,由于这也会增加安全套破裂的风险。假如安全套破裂,是有风险的。这是无疑的。所以,假如你使用一只安全套,在性行为结束之后,安全套是完整的,那么安全套的保护是有效的。还要记住一点,在抽出的时候用手握住安全套,者可以防止滑落,这个和HIV的风险无关,主要是考虑预防其他性病。HIV病毒可以穿透完好的安全套也是一个相见传说。唯一的例外是羊皮套,它不能预防HIV(译注:估量很多人见都没见,不用管他)。只有乳胶或聚亚安酯安全套可以预防HIV。
MedicalExposures.YoucannotandwillnotEVERbeinfectedbyamedicalprocedure,likehavingyourblooddrawn,oranIVinserted.MedicalprofessionalsdoNOTre-useneedles,period.Mainlybecauseiftheydid,theywouldbeplacingthemselvesatriskforallkindsofinfections,andtheysimplywouldn'tdothat.Secondly,mostoftheneedleproductsouttheretodayallowforaONEtimeuseonly,andhavesafeguardsinplacetopreventre-use.Ifyouareworriedaboutthis...putitoutofyourmind,itisirrational.
医疗暴露。像抽血和静脉注射是不可能感染的。眼前,医疗专业机构不会反复使用针具。主要是由于假如他们用的话,他们将要面对更多其他疾病的感染风险,所以他们不会那样去做的。其次,现在绝大多数的针具都是一次性的,上面有防错措施保证不能被反复使用。假如你担心这些,请把它抛之脑后,这是不可理理喻的。
Lastly,ifyoufeelyou'vehadarisk,thengettested.ThereisNOreasonnotto.AnxietyisNOexcusenottogettested."Notknowing"doesn'tchangeyourtestresult...itjustdelayspossiblelife-savingtreatment,nottomention,maykeepyoufromthelikelyreliefofanegativeresult.HIVeducationisvital....andinthisdayandage,notONEmorepersonshouldbegettinginfected.Itiscompletelyavoidable.
最后,假如你以为你有过高危行为,那么就去检测。没有理由不去。焦虑不是去检测的理由。“不敢去检测”也不能改变检测的结果。而这仅仅是拖延了救命的时间而已,更别提在绝大多数的情况下这只是让事实阴性的你在恐惧中煎熬的更久而已。HIV的宣传教育很重要,就眼前来说,不应该有更多的人被感染。这完全可以幸免的。Ifyouhavebeentested,andyourresultisNEGat3months,youdoNOThaveHIV,despiteany"symptoms"youaresureyouhave.OnecanNEVEREVERgaugeariskbyphysicalsymptoms.NewlyinfectedpeoplemanytimesdonotexperienceanyARSsymptoms,nottomentionthatARSsymptomsarealsoVERYconsistentwiththousandsofothercommon,non-HIVillnesses,infections.IfyouhavehadaNORISKsituation,orhavetestedNEGATIVEat3months,orboth...andyousimplyCANNOTmoveon,cannotconvinceyourselfthatyoudonothaveHIV,thenitistimetoseekprofessionalhelpforyourself.HIVphobias/anxietyissadlyprettycommon.OnecanseethatbyreadingeitheroftheHIVforumshereonMH.ContinuingtosearchtheinternetistheabsoluteWORSTthingyoucoulddointhatsituation.Thatwouldbesynonomouswithapersonwithaseveresnakephobiathrowingthemselvesintoasnakepitdayafterday..Doesn'tmakemuchsense,doesit
假如你检查完了,3个月的检查结果是阴性的,那么你没有被感染,尽管很多“症状”然你觉得你感染了。不要用身体的症状来推断你的风险。大多数的新近的感染者是没有任何急性期症状的,更别谈所谓急性期症状和其他成千上万的一般,非HIV的感染相似。假如你的行为没有风险,或者说3个月之后的检查是阴性的,或者两者都是,而你却不能脱恐,不能说服自己没有感染HIV,那么是寻求专业人士帮助的时候了。恐艾症如此普遍令人感觉遗憾。大家可以看看我们的两个论坛就知道了(译注:支持版块和专家版块)。不断搜索网络可能是在这种情况下你所能做的绝对是最糟糕的事。相当于一个惧怕蛇的人日不一日地反复把自己扔进蛇窟的愚蠢的行为。这有意思吗? |
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