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原文来自medhelp，我简单翻译了一下，希望恐的人看看，科学就是科学，瞎恐只会伤了精神，伤了身体。这篇文章来自于medhelp关于hiv内容的“健康页面 ”， 许多人来的Hiv论坛（medhelp）来提问题，关于行为的风险评估。归根结底，行为才具有危险性。 1.
无保护的阴道交或肛交（有插入） 2.
共用静脉注射的针头或注射器 3.
母婴传播，在子宫内感染或是通过哺乳。 Hiv之所以被划分为一种STD（性病），是有原因的。意味着，病毒传播必须通过性行为。Hiv病毒必须要有血液做载体，也就是说如果病毒传播，必须有血流存在才有可能，或是无保护性jiao中阴道或者肛门粘膜传播，或是吸毒中过程中共用注射器或针头直接的血液感染。 Hiv是非常脆弱的病毒，它的传染需要近乎完美的条件。也就是说它的传播必须发生在寄主的体内（人体内），病毒在体内才会得到保护而不被其它因素所干扰。这也是为什么象一般性的接触行为如：共用杯子喝水，接吻（包括深吻），相互手淫，拥抱等等，没有任何危险。 在这里有必要把一些类型的问题重提一下：一个**在性行为中喝了一些乳汁，这样不会引起感染。因为，婴儿的免疫系统没有发育完善，使得他们在哺乳期非常的脆弱，同时，一个**在性行为中摄入的乳汁量和婴儿被哺乳摄入的量是不可同日而语的。 不幸的是，有许多观点夸大了hiv的传播风险，所谓血液间传播的情况经常被提及，一个发帖的人会问到一个切破的伤口或是擦伤暴露在另一个人的血液或分泌物中一定会引起感染？我们的回答是：no。这种情况（不管对方是不是hiv感染者）都不会被传染，主要有如下的原因：1，这种暴露发生在寄主体外，病毒一旦暴露于其他外部条件下立刻失活。2，必须要暴露在大量的具有传染性的体液中（如血流或是阴道和肛门中的血管）才会引起感染。 因此，被回形针，大头针，和其他锐利的东西戳伤，即使这些东西曾经被暴露于hiv阳性人的身体中，也不会引起感染。这一类的伤口都属于表皮伤，并没有引起血流。请记住，皮肤有几层构成，并且每层都是起到保护作用的。在你的皮肤被划伤后的几微秒里，你的伤口开始发生从里到外的愈合，形成对病毒有效的保护屏障，包括hiv病毒。特别是hiv病毒是一种“娘娘腔”的病毒（就是非常脆弱），再次重复一下，hiv病毒一旦离开人体，接触体外环境立刻失活。但是为什么这种情况和吸毒者的针头注射不一样呢？吸毒者往往在针头注射后把血液抽回针管里，以用来确定是不是注射到静脉上。任何血液一旦被抽入到针管中，实质上病毒就被保存了下来，因为病毒并没有暴露于外部环境中。然后下一个人用同一个注射器注射，上一次被保存的血液就被直接注入他的血液中。 总的来说，Hiv的传染是非常少见的也是非常困难的，如果你没有上述的3条暴露途径，那么你就没有真正意义的暴露，根本没必要去检测和担心。
What activities put me at risk for HIV
Many people come to the HIV Forum asking for a risk assessment. To summarize what constitutes a REAL risk for HIV:
1. UNPROTECTED (INSERTIVE) anal or vaginal intercourse.
2. Sharing IV drug works (needles/syringes)
3. From infected mother to infant in utero or via breasfeeding.
HIV is classified as a STD ("sexually transmitted disease") for a reason. Meaning, one must have SEX in order for the virus to be transmitted in a sexual manner. The virus is a blood borne pathogen, which means it must gain access to the bloodstream in order to cause infection. It can do so via the mucous membranes of the vagina or anus during unprotected sex, or obviously by being directly introduced to the bloodstream during drug works sharing.
HIV is a very fragile virus that requires near PERFECT circumstances for transmission. This means that infection must occur INSIDE the host (body) where the virus is protected from the elements. This is why casual contact, activities such as: sharing drinking glasses, kissing (including deep kissing), mutual masturbation, hugging, etc...are NOT a risk.
It bears mentioning, as we also get these types of questions...that an adult ingesting breast milk in a sexual situation will NOT lead to infection. Infants' immune systems are not yet mature, leaving them vulnerable while nursing, not to mention the obvious difference in the amount an infant would ingest breastfeeding on a regular basis versus a one-time brief sexual encounter.
Unfortunately...there are many way overinflated views of HIV risks. The "blood to blood" scenario comes up all the time. A poster will ask if exposure to another person's blood, or genital secretions to a cut or abrasion will lead to infection. The answer it NO! This kind of situation will not lead to infection for a few reasons. ONE, the "exposure" is taking place "outside" of the body, where the virus quickly becomes inactive when it is exposed to the elements. Secondly, there needs to be exposure to a significant amount of infectious fluids on a vulnerable surface (bloodstream or vascular mucous membrane as in the vagina or anus) in order for infection to occur.
Therefore, being poked with a paperclip, pin, other sharp object....even IF that object had been exposed to an HIV + person, it would not lead to infection. Those types of injuries are superficial, not gaining access to the bloodstream. Remember, the skin has several protective layers...and they work! The microsecond you get a break in the skin, it starts healing from the inside out...creating an effective barrier against many "bugs", including and especially HIV, which is a "sissy" virus! Also, you would only be exposed to the "surface area" of the sharp object...where again, the virus would quickly become inactive once introduced to the environment. How does that differ with the needle scenario for IV drug abusers? They pull back on the syringe after injecting, to be sure they are in the bloodstream. Any blood that is withdrawn into the syringe is essentially preserved, because it is NOT exposed to the environment. Then, the next person injects the infected, preserved blood directly into their bloodstream.
In summary, HIV infection, despite the mania in the general public is RARE and very difficult. If you haven't had one of the three exposures listed above, then you haven't had
国外专家说HIV有一层蛋白质外壳，这个外壳接触到空气就损坏了，损坏了就不能感染人体细胞了，所以病毒离体就算没死，也失去感染能力了~~~，
我想询问的是以上资料所述是否可靠真实，完全可信吗？谢谢，由衷祝福知道自己错了并且悔改永不再犯的人必阴！
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狗仔卡
发表于 2012-5-19 09:20
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楼主
发表于 2012-5-19 16:11
